US and Mexico escalate dispute over GM corn imports

Mexico is seeking to restrict the use of genetically modified corn and the herbicide glyphosate, triggering a major trade dispute with the United States. Mexican authorities justify the policy by citing the need to protect public health, biodiversity and traditional corn varieties.

Mexico has historically relied heavily on corn imports from the United States, including genetically modified corn, which is primarily used for feed and industrial purposes. The country’s efforts to reduce its dependence on GM crops have become one of the most contentious issues in bilateral trade relations.

In 2024, a dispute panel under the USMCA backed the U.S. position on Mexico’s restrictions on biotech corn. The panel found that several of Mexico’s measures lacked sufficient scientific justification and were inconsistent with certain provisions of the trade agreement.

Following the ruling, Mexico was required to adjust some of its restrictions to avoid further trade escalation. At the same time, the country continues to assert its right to protect traditional corn varieties and restrict the cultivation of genetically modified corn.

The U.S.-Mexico dispute could have broader implications for global agricultural trade, raising questions about the limits of international trade agreements when countries invoke environmental, health and cultural considerations.

Tags: USA, GM, Mexico, corn