US seeks to sell GM soy and corn to India, but farmers remain wary

The United States is pushing for access to India’s agricultural market for genetically modified (GM) soybeans and corn, a major sticking point in ongoing bilateral trade negotiations. Washington is looking for alternative markets after a sharp reduction in exports to China, while India has so far kept its market closed to GM crops, emphasizing its niche in non-GM and “organic” production.

Amid these discussions, Indian farmers are facing a difficult season. In the central state of Madhya Pradesh, excessive rainfall significantly reduced soybean yields, while corn production surged, causing domestic prices to collapse. Farmers are also struggling with high costs for fertilizers and seeds, as well as low purchase prices set by traders.

India has remained firm on restricting GM soybean and corn imports, arguing that its crops are in demand internationally due to their non-GM status. The country produces about 13 million tonnes of soybeans and over 42 million tonnes of corn, remaining largely self-sufficient, though it imports soybean oil due to limited processing capacity. The government fears that GM imports could undermine the reputation of Indian exports.

Farmers worry that cheaper GM crops from the US would exacerbate their losses. Estimates suggest that GM soybean yields could be up to three times higher than traditional varieties, making it nearly impossible for small Indian farms to compete with US producers, who also benefit from substantial government subsidies.

At the same time, some scientists and industry representatives argue that GM technology could increase yields, reduce crop protection costs, and stabilize production. Experts have suggested that India develop its own GM seed varieties rather than opening the market to imports in order to retain control over its seed sector.

The Indian government is proceeding cautiously, mindful of the social and political sensitivity of the issue. Agriculture accounts for roughly 18% of the country’s GDP and supports nearly half of its population. Following massive farmers’ protests in 2020–2021, authorities are wary of decisions that could trigger renewed unrest, even under pressure from US trade negotiations.

Tags: corn, soybean, India, USA, GM, restrictions